Group decision making in oncology: A support through annotation management

International audienceWe propose a software prototype based upon annotations management in palliative ward of an oncology hospital in which dealing with patients' state and evolutions is a complex organizational task. We develop a 5 years empirical investigation that is giving us broad and deep insights to characterize activity and offer an effective support for group decision making and collaborative activity of caregivers. We based our conception of annotation tool on the observations of the rich writing practices of medical professionals. We rely on the innovative strategy of intermediate management to introduce a new technology able to bridge heterogeneous valuable data flows that address both management support and activity support into a single tool

Equipement informatique des annotations et des pratiques d'écriture professionnelles : une étude ancrée pour l'organisation des soins en cancérologie

Prenant appui sur une méthodologie d'enquête, de conceptualisation et de développement itérative - la Théorie Ancrée - notre recherche sur l'instrumentation informatique des annotations et des pratiques d'écriture professionnelles nous a permis de développer des concepts, un modèle et un prototype informatique originaux pour le support de l'organisation des soins en cancérologie. Pour mener à bien ce travail itératif de modélisation, nous nous sommes inspirés des pratiques d'écriture des soignants que nous avons observées durant plusieurs années dans un hôpital en cancérologie. Cette étude qualitative a été complétée par un état de l'art pluridisciplinaire. Ce travail d'articulation entre différents domaines scientifiques, enquête et confrontation aux acteurs du terrain nous a permis de développer les concepts de pratique annotative et d'écriture heuristique considérés comme constitutifs du travail d'organisation des soins. Ces pratiques permettent aux soignants d'appréhender leurs environnements de travail complexes, et de gérer efficacement les dynamiques et les variétés de situations et de prise en charge des patients. La caractérisation de ces pratiques nous a permis de développer un modèle informatique simple, robuste et ouvert, mais surtout ancré dans le terrain de recherche et dans les pratiques soignantes. Ce prototype grâce notamment aux contextes d'affichage diversifiés des réseaux d'annotation qu'il autorise, grâce à sa flexibilité et son évolutivité, permet effectivement d'adresser la question du support du travail collectif d'organisation des soins en cancérologie, autant qu'il est prometteur pour d'autres contextes d'exploitation.Our research about computerized equipment of annotations and professional writing practices has articulated Computer Sciences and Communication and Information Sciences in order for us to develop a software prototype for the support of organisation of care in oncology thanks to an empirical and longitudinal study. This articulation has relied on 4 years long of multimodal ethnography, a conceptualization based upon Grounded Theory rules, a model and a software development that we iteratively conduct simultaneously with this qualitative inquiry. This original combination of methodologies from different domains has been remarkably rich to help us build a specific point of view about oncology hospital organizations, and about the accomplishment of care work and about patients' management in these complex professional organizations. The modern medical and hospital rationalizations, including ICT and e-health tools, are in the confluence of various movements that impact upon several elements of hospital organizations, and upon medical and care practices. We focused our study on the situated writing practices of caregivers and specifically on the richness of the materiality of writings that led us to question notions such as information systems, collective and distributed production of knowledge, and the documentary production cycles for the organization of activity. We are making the hypothesis that annotations can be opportunely considered as constitutive elements in the production of "organizational texts" that are in the core of the support of the organization and the realization of collective and individual work. Caregivers rely on these "organizational texts" that they build, actualize and stabilize thanks to what we call the "annotative practice" that enables them to apprehend their complex environments of work, and to handle the dynamics and the variety of situations and to manage patients. We will show how the characterization of this "annotative practice" helped us to develop a simple, robust and open software model. We will detail the iterative process between inquiry, analysis, conceptualizations and developments that led us to stabilize our model and our web prototype that implement this annotative practice. We will conclude our work by showing that this prototype, thanks to the numerous context displays of annotations networks, thanks to its flexibility and evolutivity achieves the support of the collective organization of patients' care in oncology, as much as it seems to be relevant in other exploitation context of collective organization of work

How to Support Coordination Through Annotations? A Longitudinal Case Study of Nurses' Work in an Oncology Hospital

International audienceWe present an ongoing research in the field of healthcare computing and coordination support. We focus on nursing work in an oncology hospital. We use grounded theory methodology to structure this research. After 3 years of work and contributions in the field of communicational approaches of organizations, we are now designing a web mockup in a participative approach. This paper presents to cscw community an original way for improving coordination processes in healthcare through annotations support

Médiations composites de connaissances hétérogènes : entre écrans de papier et manuscrits informatisés

L’hôpital est un terrain de recherche et d’observation qui se caractérise par la montée en puissance de connaissances institutionnalisées et équipées, qui sont au cœur du processus de modernisation du système de santé national. Notre contribution s’intéresse au travail de la connaissance dans le domaine des soins en cancérologie, à partir de l’observation des pratiques d’écriture professionnelles des infirmières. Ces écrits et ces pratiques participent de processus communicationnels complexes, pluriels et hétérogènes de création, de manipulation et de stabilisation de connaissances co-constitutives de l’organisation de l’activité. Cette proposition prend appui sur une étude de cas longitudinale approfondie, basée sur des techniques d’ethnographie multimodale afin de rendre compte de la nature des sociomatérialités, de leur agentivité dans l’activité, et des dynamiques à l’œuvre dans le travail de construction de connaissance qu’elles participent à accomplir. La contribution des SIC en dialogue avec les sciences informatiques permet de mettre en évidence la nécessaire médiation entre connaissances, et l’intérêt d’équipements pluriels et évolutifs pour mener à bien ce travail sur les connaissances pour l’action et pour apprendre de l’action.Healthcare organizations form a research field characterized by an ever-increasing role of the institutionalized knowledge, and its equipment. Our contribution deals with the work of knowledge in the activities of care in oncology wards, through a specific focus on nurse writing practices. These writings and related practices are part of complex, plural and heterogeneous communicational processes of creation, manipulation and stabilization of knowledge that are co-constitutive of the activity organization. This proposal relies on in-depth longitudinal case study based on multimodal ethnography methods, in order to address the nature of socio-materialities, their agentivity, and their contribution to the work dynamics on diverse types of knowledge. The contributions of Information and Communication Sciences conversing with Computer Sciences enlighten the necessary mediation between heterogeneous knowledge, and the interest of plural and evolving equipment in order to support the knowledge work for the action and to sustain the knowledge production resulting from practice

Annotation management: a Group decision support system for nurses tasks

International audienceWe develop a 5-year empirical investigation that is giving us broad and deep insights to characterise activity management in the palliative ward of an oncology hospital, and offer effective support for group decision-making and collaborative activity of caregivers. Following this observation period, we propose a software prototype based upon annotations in which dealing with patients’ state and evolution is a complex organisational task. We based our conception of an annotation tool on the observations of the rich writing practices of medical professionals. We rely on the innovative strategy of intermediate management to introduce a new technology able to bridge heterogeneous, valuable data flows that addresses both management support and activity support in a single tool

Blockchain : Éléments d'explication et de vulgarisation, Pourquoi s'intéresser à la blockchain aujourd'hui ?

Ce document est une synthèse d'une intervention lors du séminaire "Blockchain et Santé : Perspectives d'applications et enjeux juridiques", organisé par l'IFERISS (FED 4142, UT1 / UT2J / UT3 UPS) et l'IMH le 12 octobre 2018.National audienceTrès souvent corrélée aux crypto-monnaies, la blockchain apparaît désormais comme l’une des technologies les plus susceptibles d’accompagner les mutations du système de santé en apportant plus de fluidité, de sécurité et de flexibilité dans la gestion des données de santé. Si elle reste encore aujourd’hui à un stade expérimental dans tous les domaines (banques, énergie, assurance, santé, …), elle ouvre de nouvelles perspectives par sa capacité à optimiser la gestion et l’exploitation des données et à garantir la sécurité et l’authenticité des transferts. Pour l’instant, les manifestations en santé demeurent théoriques mais les applications pratiques se profilent, porteuses d’améliorations importantes, notamment concernant la traçabilité des médicaments, la recherche et les essais cliniques ou le dossier patient. Les grands principes structurants de la blockchain s’avèrent en effet précieux en santé : transparence et traçabilité, absence d’intermédiaire et gestion décentralisée par échanges de pair-à-pair, impossibilité de falsification ou de fraude. Elle n’en pose pas moins d’importantes questions techniques et juridiques, d’autant plus nécessaires à évoquer que rares sont ceux qui comprennent comment elle fonctionne, quels en sont les usages possibles, les avantages ou les risques intrinsèques. Cette rencontre est ainsi l’occasion d’envisager un objet juridique encore mal identifié, appelé à s’imposer en santé. Pour ce faire, des spécialistes de disciplines différentes croiseront leurs analyses et tenteront de répondre aux interrogations que commence à susciter la blockchain en santé

Computerized equipment of annotations professional writing practices : a grounded study for care organization in oncology

Prenant appui sur une méthodologie d'enquête, de conceptualisation et de développement itérative - la Théorie Ancrée - notre recherche sur l'instrumentation informatique des annotations et des pratiques d'écriture professionnelles nous a permis de développer des concepts, un modèle et un prototype informatique originaux pour le support de l'organisation des soins en cancérologie. Pour mener à bien ce travail itératif de modélisation, nous nous sommes inspirés des pratiques d'écriture des soignants que nous avons observées durant plusieurs années dans un hôpital en cancérologie. Cette étude qualitative a été complétée par un état de l'art pluridisciplinaire. Ce travail d'articulation entre différents domaines scientifiques, enquête et confrontation aux acteurs du terrain nous a permis de développer les concepts de pratique annotative et d'écriture heuristique considérés comme constitutifs du travail d'organisation des soins. Ces pratiques permettent aux soignants d'appréhender leurs environnements de travail complexes, et de gérer efficacement les dynamiques et les variétés de situations et de prise en charge des patients. La caractérisation de ces pratiques nous a permis de développer un modèle informatique simple, robuste et ouvert, mais surtout ancré dans le terrain de recherche et dans les pratiques soignantes. Ce prototype grâce notamment aux contextes d'affichage diversifiés des réseaux d'annotation qu'il autorise, grâce à sa flexibilité et son évolutivité, permet effectivement d'adresser la question du support du travail collectif d'organisation des soins en cancérologie, autant qu'il est prometteur pour d'autres contextes d'exploitation.Our research about computerized equipment of annotations and professional writing practices has articulated Computer Sciences and Communication and Information Sciences in order for us to develop a software prototype for the support of organisation of care in oncology thanks to an empirical and longitudinal study. This articulation has relied on 4 years long of multimodal ethnography, a conceptualization based upon Grounded Theory rules, a model and a software development that we iteratively conduct simultaneously with this qualitative inquiry. This original combination of methodologies from different domains has been remarkably rich to help us build a specific point of view about oncology hospital organizations, and about the accomplishment of care work and about patients' management in these complex professional organizations. The modern medical and hospital rationalizations, including ICT and e-health tools, are in the confluence of various movements that impact upon several elements of hospital organizations, and upon medical and care practices. We focused our study on the situated writing practices of caregivers and specifically on the richness of the materiality of writings that led us to question notions such as information systems, collective and distributed production of knowledge, and the documentary production cycles for the organization of activity. We are making the hypothesis that annotations can be opportunely considered as constitutive elements in the production of "organizational texts" that are in the core of the support of the organization and the realization of collective and individual work. Caregivers rely on these "organizational texts" that they build, actualize and stabilize thanks to what we call the "annotative practice" that enables them to apprehend their complex environments of work, and to handle the dynamics and the variety of situations and to manage patients. We will show how the characterization of this "annotative practice" helped us to develop a simple, robust and open software model. We will detail the iterative process between inquiry, analysis, conceptualizations and developments that led us to stabilize our model and our web prototype that implement this annotative practice. We will conclude our work by showing that this prototype, thanks to the numerous context displays of annotations networks, thanks to its flexibility and evolutivity achieves the support of the collective organization of patients' care in oncology, as much as it seems to be relevant in other exploitation context of collective organization of work

La santé à l’entre-deux de l’informatique et de l’information communication

International audienc

Osteometry and size reconstruction of the Indian and Pacific Oceans' Euthynnus species, E. affinis and E. lineatus (Scombridae)

International audienceTwo neritic species of scombrids (Euthynnus affinis and E. lineatus) from the Indo-Pacific and the Eastern Pacific are today classed as commercially important. They have long been exploited and are common finds on coastal archaeological sites. Size reconstruction from isolated bones is interesting for both biologists and archaeologists. In archaeology, these studies make it possible to highlight fishing strategies. Therefore, we built an osteometric model for these two species, using 31 specimens of E. affinis (FL: 274 mm to 828 mm, W: 305 g to 8674 g) from the Sultanate of Oman and 26 specimens of E. lineatus (FL: 294 mm to 614 mm, W: 481 g to 4200 g) from Ecuador. For E. affinis, the length-weight relationship is W = 1E-05 FL3.0682, and for E. lineatus, the relationship is W = 2E-05 FL2.9578, with r2 higher than 0.98 for both species. For the osteometric model, we used the neurocranium, premaxilla, dentary, anguloarticular, quadrate, hyomandibula, maxilla, opercle, anterior and posterior ceratohyals, scapula and vertebrae. For each bone, we took between 2 and 5 measurements and plotted the obtained values against the fork length. For all selected bones, we produce at least one regression equation with a high r2 (> 0.9) that permits accurate estimates of the length and weight of Euthynnus individuals for both species

Sharks in the lagoon? Fishing exploitation at the Neolithic site of Suwayh 1 (Ash Sharqiyah region, Arabian Sea, Sultanate of Oman)

International audienceThe study of the fish bones from the Neolithic shell midden of Suwayh 1, excavated in the 2000s, identified a total of 1060 identifiable fish bones, from 23 families, 33 genera and 28 different species. Radiocarbon dating demonstrates that the sites date to the early 6th to mid 5th millennium BC. The results follow an eight‐phase chronology highlighted by an earlier malacological study. The most important taxa were the Carcharhinidae (requiem shark), Rhinopteridae (cownose rays), Sparoidea (Sparidae and Lethrinidae: sea breams and emperors) and Ariidae (sea catfishes). The results of the fish study show that the Suwayh lagoon must have gradually opened up to the sea and been populated with mangroves. The unique presence of so many sharks at this site seems to indicate that the inhabitants had a special interest in shark fishing and that their location was ideal for this specialised activity. Two types of fishing nets and hooks have been discovered, which require the use of different fishing techniques